BPM (Box Plus/Minus)

A box-score-based estimate of a player's contribution per 100 possessions relative to league average.

Box Plus/Minus (BPM) estimates a player's contribution per 100 possessions, relative to the league average (0.0). It is calculated from box score stats and adjusted for position, team, and league.

BPM benchmarks: - +10: all-time great season (MVP or better) - +6 to +9: elite, All-NBA caliber - +2 to +5: above average starter - -2 to +2: average - Below -2: below average

BPM is split into Offensive BPM (OBPM) and Defensive BPM (DBPM). Career BPM above +5.0 strongly correlates with Hall of Fame induction for players with 10+ seasons.

Compared to PER, BPM better captures defensive contributions and is less inflated by high-usage, low-efficiency players. AllFame incorporates BPM alongside Win Shares in the Career Value dimension for NBA players.